Keiko Sei: Lotus3 (DVD-Video disc by Jiří Havlíček and Filip Cenek), 2002 |
The Russian semioticist Yuri Lotman defines the elementary nature of the language of animated films as the work with the sign of the sign. That is to say that spectators watch animated films or plays being aware that their protagonists are not images of the outer world of animation (reality) but images of objects that have already been rendered in the language of animation. The DVD-Video disc Lotus3 is composed of a series of three short animated films that the viewer can combine in various ways. The first animated film Tip et Tap par mémoire (2001) represents a reconstruction, based on personal memories, of the Belgian animated film Tip et Tap that was shown on Czechoslovakian TV at the end of 1970's. The film shows a flying lotus. The second animation Without Title (2002) features drawings of fanciful animal figures that come from Morocco. These animals appear in a short story (in fact, rather a non-story). Again, a lotus flies across the sky. This piece plays on certain illegibility. As a matter of fact, it tells about the memory of the Moroccans, but for those of us who are not familiar with Moroccan cartoons, the film cannot have but a low level of legibility. At this point, I have to refer to Lotman who, in discussing puppet theatre, says that the poetry of duplication (the sign of the sign) reveals an exaggerated theatricality of puppet theatre. In other words, the sense (raison d'etre) of puppet theatre is grounded in a certain "agreement" (uslovnyi), as Bogatyrev put it. It means that the viewer should try to understand the cultural context of Moroccan cartoons in order to be able to understand the film Without Title. The third animated film Melanie envoie des fuseé des yeux et sauve le soleil (2002) tells about the memories of a French girl. The fact that the viewer does not know anything about this girl makes the third animation even more incomprehensible than the previous ones. As a matter of fact, we do not understand what is going on in the cartoon except for the fact that we can recognize the flying lotus. That implies that for the average Czech viewer the order of legibility of the discussed films is as follows: 1. Tip et Tap par mémoire, 2. Without Title, and 3. Melanie envoie des fuseé des yeux et sauve le soleil. The authors of the films also interviewed two Czech actresses (Atka Janouskova and Jana Altmannova) who had dubbed the Tip and Tap cartoon. The fact that they first lent their voices to the animation and now speak about their own memories transforms the animation into a certain meta-form. In doing so, the animation deliberately creates different levels of legibility in order to make the viewer reflect not only on quotations and references in contemporary art but, first of all, on the outer and inner world of animation and on our capability to share our memories. |